During the decision-making process, what should history teachers have students do?

Including all the steps in the decision-making process is essential for a comprehensive learning experience in history. When history teachers guide students to outline goals, they help students clarify what they want to achieve or understand through their inquiry. Outlining goals sets a focused direction for the decision-making process.

Gathering data is another crucial step, as it allows students to collect relevant information, perspectives, and evidence that inform their decisions. This step fosters critical thinking and encourages students to analyze sources, understanding the context and significance of historical events.

Finally, making a decision is the culmination of the previous steps, where students synthesize their outlined goals and gathered data to arrive at a conclusion or a course of action. This step enhances their decision-making skills and helps them learn to justify their choices based on historical evidence and reasoning.

Together, these steps — outlining goals, gathering data, and making decisions — form a holistic approach that develops students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills, making "All of the above" the most comprehensive and effective choice in the decision-making process.