What is the model used to show the age and sex distribution of a population called?

The model used to show the age and sex distribution of a population is called a population pyramid. This graphical representation displays the proportion of various age groups in a population, typically separated by sex. The age is usually displayed on the vertical axis, while the horizontal axis shows the population size or percentage. Each bar represents a specific age cohort, and the two sides of the pyramid allow for a visual comparison of male and female populations across different age groups.

This model is particularly useful for demographic analysis, as it can illustrate characteristics such as population growth, aging populations, and potential future demographic shifts. For instance, a wide base in a population pyramid indicates a high birth rate and a larger number of young individuals, while a narrower base may signify lower birth rates and an aging population.

In contrast, thematic maps focus on particular themes or subjects within a geographic area, dot maps represent data points in relation to a specific location, and population projections estimate future population growth or decline based on current data but do not visualize age and sex distribution in the same way a population pyramid does. Therefore, the correct answer accurately identifies the model utilized specifically for showing age and sex distribution in a population.