Which learning strategy encourages students to manage their own learning process and take responsibility for their educational outcomes?

Self-directed learning is the correct choice because it emphasizes the student's autonomy in their educational journey. This strategy empowers students to set personal learning goals, select resources, and monitor their progress. By taking responsibility for their learning outcomes, students engage in metacognitive processes, such as self-assessment and reflection, which contribute to deeper understanding and retention of knowledge.

In a self-directed learning environment, students are encouraged to become active participants rather than passive recipients of information. This approach fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills as students navigate their learning paths, evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, and make informed choices about their educational activities.

While explicit instruction focuses on teacher-led explanations and demonstrations, and collaborative learning involves working together with peers to enhance understanding, neither of these strategies inherently promotes the same level of independence and self-management in learning as self-directed learning does. Direct teaching, often characterized by highly structured lessons, typically places students in a passive role, which limits their engagement in managing their own learning processes.