Which of the following is an example of a summative assessment?

A summative assessment is designed to evaluate student learning at the conclusion of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Final exams are a prime example of summative assessment because they assess comprehensive understanding of the course material at the end of the term. Such exams typically cover a wide range of topics and are intended to measure what students have learned throughout the entire course. The results from final exams often contribute significantly to a student's overall grade and provide a definitive conclusion to their learning experience for that subject.

In contrast, in-class quizzes and daily homework assignments tend to be formative assessments, which provide ongoing feedback to students and teachers during the learning process. Peer reviews, while they can sometimes have summative aspects, primarily serve as a tool for improving student work and learning through feedback.